ADHD – Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with differences in attention, activity level and impulse control. It can begin in childhood and may continue into adolescence and adulthood. The way ADHD affects a person can vary at different stages of life.
Understanding ADHD can help parents, educators and professionals recognize support needs and create structured, supportive environments for learning, communication, daily activities and participation.
Understanding ADHD
ADHD may affect a person’s ability to maintain attention, organize and complete tasks, manage impulses or regulate activity levels. Some individuals mainly experience difficulties with attention, while others may experience hyperactive-impulsive symptoms or a combination of both.
ADHD can look different from one person to another. Children may experience difficulties at school, at home or with peers, while adults may experience challenges with organization, work, relationships and everyday responsibilities.
Common Signs & Symptoms
Common symptoms may include:
- Difficulty sustaining attention
- Easily getting distracted
- Forgetfulness or frequently losing things
- Difficulty organizing or completing tasks
- Excessive talking or restlessness
- Difficulty waiting for a turn
- Interrupting others
- Acting impulsively
- Difficulty following instructions
ADHD symptoms generally fall into three presentations: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined presentation.
ADHD in Children
Children with ADHD may experience difficulties with classroom attention, completing schoolwork, following instructions, waiting their turn or managing behaviour. Support from parents, teachers and healthcare professionals can help address individual needs and improve participation in everyday activities.
ADHD in Adults
ADHD can continue into adulthood, although symptoms may change over time. Adults may experience difficulties with organization, time management, completing lengthy tasks, maintaining attention, controlling impulses or managing responsibilities at work and home.
Assessment & Diagnosis
There is no single test for ADHD. Assessment involves several steps and may include information about behaviour and functioning across different settings, developmental history, rating scales and evaluation for other conditions that may cause similar symptoms or occur alongside ADHD.
A qualified healthcare or mental-health professional should conduct the assessment and diagnosis.
Support & Intervention
Support for ADHD may include:
- Behavioural interventions
- Parent training and behaviour-management strategies
- Educational and classroom support
- Organizational and time-management strategies
- Psychological support when appropriate
- Medication when clinically indicated
- Regular monitoring and follow-up
Treatment and support should be individualized according to the person’s age, needs, environment and goals.
ADHD & Education
Children with ADHD may benefit from structured routines, clear instructions, appropriate classroom strategies, organizational support and regular communication between parents, teachers and professionals.
Schools can play an important role in supporting children with ADHD as part of an individualized care and education approach.
When to Seek Professional Help
If attention, hyperactivity or impulsivity is persistent and is affecting a child’s learning, relationships or daily functioning, parents and caregivers can discuss their concerns with a qualified healthcare professional. Similar symptoms can occur with other conditions, so professional assessment is important.
